Over the weekend, I crossed another dream off of my bucket list. The Illinois Railway Museum hosted its annual Diesel Days, a celebration of diesel power in railroading. Each year, the museum offers a rare opportunity to become an engineer for a short amount of time and control the power, braking, and horn of a locomotive. I got to take control of a wonderful piece of history: A 1954 Alco RSD-5 painted in a Chicago & North Western livery. This locomotive, with its 1,600 HP V12 prime mover and six axles, is just one of two operational survivors. This is what’s like driving an old locomotive.
This year, I’m having another summer of dreams. I’ve been able to visit incredible places that I never thought I’d ever see, I got to drive a variety of lovely machines, and plant my stakes down at events I’ll never forget. The Lockheed Constellation from EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2023 is burned into my brain like a CD-R from the 2000s [Ed note: Best of Trip Hop Volumes 1-3 – MH] and the memories of the Ford F-150 FP700 still make me giggle. Still, the summer isn’t over yet and thanks to the Illinois Railway Museum, I got to see another dream fulfilled when I took control of a diesel-electric locomotive.
A Mission To Drive Everything
Taking command of a locomotive has been a lifelong dream. I’ve adored trains for about as long as I’ve admired planes. As a kid, I had dreams of gracefully flying through the skies in a Boeing 747 or a Bombardier CRJ-700 while at the same time dreaming of holding the throttle handle of a Chicago Metra EMD F40PH locomotive. This only intensified when I first saw the majestic EMD F40C locomotives in Metra’s fleet. My love for aircraft and trains has persisted for about as long as I’ve been fond of cars and buses.
As an adult, my attraction to various forms of transportation has evolved into what I think is one of my life’s missions. I want to drive, ride, fly, sail, and operate as many vehicles as I can get my hands on. If the vehicle has wheels, tracks, wings, or a hull, I want to see what it’s like to take command of it.
Do you remember Discovery Channel’s Dirty Jobs? In that show, Mike Rowe would go out in the field and perform some sort of dirty, difficult, weird, or just outright disgusting jobs. In the end, each episode usually highlighted the work a lot of people do that most people never know about.
Of course, I have no desire to find the vehicle equivalent of a sheep castrator, but I want to experience the vehicles that most people may never touch, let alone operate. What’s it like being at the helm of a cargo ship? How fun are those gigantic mining trucks? What’s it like flying those expensive eVTOLs all over the news? Can a Smart Fortwo tow a plane? Those are questions I’d love to answer and more.
Many people have seen trains and have ridden in passenger cars. Railfans will get into a long line just to take a picture of a train. Fewer will ever get the chance to enter the cab of one of the locomotives pulling or pushing those cars. Until Sunday, I was one of those people. Sure, I have been lucky enough to go into a locomotive’s cab, but I couldn’t tell you how a loco drives, until now.
Diesel Days
My train drive took place at America’s largest train museum, the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois. I’ve written about IRM a number of times in the past, but for a quick reminder, the museum was founded 70 years ago as an effort to preserve local railroad history. It has since grown into an impressive display of over a century of railroading. IRM’s collection includes about 500 pieces of rail equipment, about five miles of right-of-way, and around four miles of track on its impressive 100-acre property.
One of the greatest parts about IRM is that so much of its equipment is operational history. An IRM volunteer told me that the museum has over 50 operational diesel locomotives. That’s in addition to its countless passenger and freight cars, buses, various steam locomotives, streetcars, speeders, interurbans, and more. The Illinois Railway Museum has the same kind of magic found at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh, but you can experience the greatness throughout most of the year. The museum’s calendar is also chock-full of special events that keep you coming back.
Diesel Days were exactly as it sounds on the tin: three days of rumbling, thunderous diesel-electric power. On Diesel Days, IRM’s electric and steam trains get a break as volunteers hop into the cabs of as many diesel locomotives as they could fit into a weekend. There were many locomotives operating during Diesel Days that you wouldn’t find running on any other weekend.
Diesel Days also offers two unique opportunities for just a handful of people. For an affordable additional fee, you can ride in the cabs of one or more of the locomotives running down the five-mile mainline during Diesel Days. You’ll get to watch the action happen as the engineer pilots a piece of history down the line and back to the depot.
If you’re looking for something a little more engaging, during Diesel Days, a handful of people will have the chance to “Take the Throttle” of a locomotive. The museum offers a Take the Throttle program that runs Saturday and Sunday evenings May through September. When you take the throttle of an IRM locomotive, you take full control of a diesel, steam, or electric locomotive while an IRM engineer teaches and supervises you. The main program lasts for an hour.
However, slots are limited and have to be reserved well in advance. That’s a bit difficult if you’re like me and may end up in, say, Detroit, at the drop of a hat. Thankfully, Diesel Days offered a condensed version of Take the Throttle where you get to drive a locomotive at a set time for about 20 to 25 minutes.
On top of that benefit, the Diesel Days version of Take the Throttle also has equipment that changed throughout the day and throughout the weekend, so you could drive different locomotives on the same day if you wanted to.
The American Locomotive Company
By the time Sheryl signed me up for Take the Throttle, most slots had already been taken up. Thankfully, she was able to score me a position at the controls of Chicago & North Western 1689, a 1954 Alco RSD-5. As it turned out, this piece of equipment is a real piece of history.
American Locomotive Company (ALCO) was formed in 1901 after Schenectady Locomotive Works merged with seven smaller locomotive manufacturers on the east coast. During Alco’s 68 years of existence, it built more than 75,000 locomotives, a number that includes more steam locomotives than any American manufacturer except for Baldwin Locomotive Works. Some of Alco’s products include Union Pacific’s Big Boy, the RS-1, and oh yeah, the company also got into nuclear reactors and Berliet cars.
As Railfan & Railroad Magazine writes, Alco was an early innovator in diesel-electric locomotives. Back in the 1930s, Alco was one of the pioneers in diesel-electric switchers. Those are the types of locomotives often found moving rail equipment around short distances. Railfan & Railroad Magazine goes as far as to say that Alco’s HH-600 was the first practical switcher with an end cab.
In 1941, Alco would make history again with its RS-1. So many of the locomotives today have a design that could be traced back to this unit. As the story goes, back in 1940, the Rock Island Railroad approached Alco with an idea. The railroad wanted a locomotive that could function as a switcher and be used for hauling freight down the road. In theory, the railroad could save money if it had locomotives that hauled freight by day and then shifted cars around by night. The result was the E-1640, or RS-1, which is often referred to by railfans as the RSD-1 when referring to six-motor models. These locomotives, as Railfan & Railroad Magazine writes, were the first road switchers.
What made the RS-1 and thus the road switcher so revolutionary was its narrow, slender hood. The typical diesel carbody of the day had little rearward visibility. Yet, thanks to the RS-1’s narrow hood and low-profile engine, a train crew could see both in front of and behind the locomotive. This allowed for far easier operation in either direction. American Rails notes that the raised cabs of Alco’s road switchers were the work of industrial designer Otto Kuhler.
Power in the RS-1s came from the 539T diesel, a turbocharged straight-six making 1,000 HP. That provided power for motors with 72,000 pounds of starting tractive effort and a rating of 34,000 pounds tractive effort at 8 mph.
The RS-1 was followed up with the RS-2, which featured a more rounded body and 1,500 HP to 1,600 HP thanks to a new V12 prime mover. That locomotive was developed into the RS-3, which featured more engine and design refinements, and the RSD-4, a development of the RS-3 featuring two three-axle trucks for a greater starting tractive effort.
Indeed, an Alco RS-3 put out 60,100 pounds of starting tractive effort and 53,000 pounds continuous while the RSD-4 achieved 89,000 pounds starting tractive effort and 78,750 pounds continuous tractive effort.
The Locomotive
That brings us to the locomotive you see here today. Built starting in 1952, the Alco RSD-5 is a development of the RSD-4. Reportedly, a problem with the RSD-4 was the fact that its body wasn’t long enough to support the locomotive’s main generator. Just 36 RSD-4s were built and Alco raced to fix the problem by introducing the RSD-5. The RSD-5 features a longer body to accommodate that GE GT566 main generator as well as minor improvements such as a 90,000-pound starting tractive effort and 100 more HP. American Rails that the RSD-5 was far more successful, selling 204 units in North America.
The prime mover is an Alco 244C V12 turbodiesel engine. Each cylinder displaces 10.9 liters for a total of 109.4 liters of displacement. It’s good for 1,600 HP and as I said before, a 90,000-pound starting tractive effort through its two trucks of three axles with six GE 752 traction motors.
Chicago & North Western 1689 is an RSD-5 that was built in 1954. IRM has not yet written about this unit’s history, but volunteers tell me the unit ran with Chicago & North Western until its retirement in the 1980s. The Illinois Railway Museum acquired the unit in 2014 and the museum has been using the locomotive on its demonstration railroad ever since.
I got to chat with one of the mechanics keeping 1689 running and I’ve learned that there are some parallels between keeping an old car alive and keeping a locomotive alive. The museum volunteer told me that batteries are a huge expense. As you could imagine, starting a 109-liter engine is no easy task. Many locomotives use their generators to start their diesel engines and the starting batteries themselves are pretty nutty if you’re only used to car or maybe semi-tractor batteries. The mechanic told me that locomotive batteries weigh hundreds of pounds and even a full complement of batteries for a small locomotive can weigh 800 pounds. Here’s one that weighs as much as a Smart Fortwo!
Once the mechanic cranked the mighty RSD-5 into life, I noticed that the prime mover never quite fell into a rhythm. I’m told that’s fine. It’s not really broken and there’s no need to do fine tuning just to smooth out the engine.
A quirk with Alcos that many railfans love is how much they smoke. This smoke is generally caused by turbo lag. For example, the IRM engineer had me crank the RSD-5 to notch 5, full throttle. The engine belched out smoke as if it were a steam locomotive, then the turbo finally caught up and the smoke cleared up a little. A few of the volunteers I talked to said Alcos smoked so much that they were basically honorary steamers. One of IRM’s Alcos has a seized turbo and thus it always has an incorrect air-to-fuel ratio, resulting in epic columns of smoke.
Driving A Locomotive
After I learned the history and the mechanics of the 56-foot, 287,000-pound machine, I climbed the stairs and hopped into the cab.
Now, while the RSD-5 can easily run in either direction, long hood forward is officially the front of the locomotive. When you sit in the cab, you’re presented with a plethora of switches, toggles, and an armada of levers to pull. It seems daunting at first, but take a deep breath, and if you’re a car person, a lot of bits will become familiar. Gauges inform you about your speed, the engine’s temperature, the unit’s battery voltage, air pressure, and more.
The various levers also look a bit intimidating but they’re pretty easy once you learn what each one is for.
Just under the gauges of the white control stand in the middle is the throttle (top) and the reverser (bottom). The throttle is notched with numbers. To set your throttle, just move the lever into one of the notches. The reverser tells the locomotive’s drive system which direction to move (or not move). It’s pretty simple as you have just three choices, reverse, forward, or neutral. Toward the end of the control stand you’ll find brakes. This locomotive featured a lever (the one pointing toward your screen) for automatic air brakes, which weren’t needed since we weren’t hauling anything. Under that was the independent brake, which stopped the locomotive itself.
The tiny lever was for the bell and the string? That baby was the horn! And oh yeah, I got to yank that thing frequently. Can you say WOO WOO!!
Pulling out of the depot for my run, I was instructed to give that horn three short tugs. IRM uses two horn blows to tell people you’re going forward, three for reversing, and one after you’ve come to a complete stop.
Once I announced my departure, I released the independent brake, slammed the reverser back, and gave it one notch of power.
Fiction Vs. Reality
Now, as I said before, I’ve loved trains for pretty much all of my life. Growing up and even now as an adult, I’ve always had train simulators and flight simulators on my computers. I repeat real life flight lessons in X-Plane as a way to practice what I’ve learned. I had hundreds, if not thousands of flying hours in Microsoft Flight Simulator X before I even stepped into a Cessna 172’s cockpit. My flight instructor believes those sims are part of why my real life skills develop rather quickly.
Weirdly, my years of train simulator experience didn’t really translate well to real life. Sure, because of train simulators, I knew where the controls were and what they did, but the experience of driving the locomotive was nothing like a sim. Something I never really got from a train sim, even a really detailed one, is a sense of weight and speed. A Boeing 747 in X-Plane “feels” heavy, but a mile-long consist in a train sim gave me nothing.
In real life, with a V12 beating behind my head and nearly 300,000 pounds controlled my fingers? That sense of speed and weight I’ve been missing for so many years was finally there. The RSD-5 handled like it was on rails, because it literally was, but like a good communicative car, I felt like I knew what the axles were doing around my feet. If the rails were imperfect, the wheels were the first to let me know. As 1689 rounded the bend just outside of the depot, I moved the throttle into notch 2. The V12’s rumble grew, just barely, and I received a small dose of power, more than enough to climb the ever so slight grade. Two notches in and the engine was barely awake. This was a Sunday drive for the 69-year-old machine.
A few minutes in, I approached a grade crossing. IRM isn’t just a museum but a real working railroad. That means engineers have to follow the Federal Railroad Administration’s train horn rule. That’s two long blasts, one short toot, and one more long blast as you cross the road. I got to do that twice and wave at the traffic waiting for my crossing. As I worked my way down the west end of IRM’s mainline, the engineer taught me the basics of lighted signals. Green means I’m clear, yellow means I proceed with caution, and under no circumstance should I blow a red signal. On signals with switches, two green lights means I’m probably about to take the train multi-track drifting and I probably shouldn’t do that.
On Sunday, the Take the Throttle mainline route was set to go without any interruptions, so I had a red signal for the track I wasn’t concerned about and a yellow signal for the track back to the depot. Before I went back for the depot, the engineer let me get a feel of the brakes. First, I put the throttle lever to neutral, coasted for a bit, then began working on the independent brake. I learned that the independent brake had rather granular control, even more than a car or motorcycle. My target was a box just short of the end of the line and using the independent brake, I was able to nail my target right on the mark, coming to a stop with the sort of gentle halt you get during a nice commuter rail ride.
Next, I flipped the reverser forward and yanked the throttle into notch 5. This locomotive may have had just a 1,600 HP V12 under the long hood, but it was like I had opened the gates of hell just in front of my hand. Black smoke belched out of the engine’s exhaust as that V12 billowed out a mechanical roar.
Sheryl took a video of this! She told me she was a bit too distracted by staring at me so she failed to turn the camera down the line.
Acceleration was gradual, but I rode on more power and more torque than any car or truck I had ever driven. This Alco hauled like a freight train with the presence to match. Sure, an Acura NSX will go 60 mph in three seconds, but the train has the thunder and the power to move the ground underneath it. Heck, you can lose the entirety of the Acura’s displacement in just one of this loco’s massive cylinders.
As I approached the depot, I backed 1689 off of notch 5 down to a more reasonable notch 1. I blew my horn four more times at the grade crossing, rounded the bend, and stopped right on my target at the depot’s stand. As a final demonstration of the Alco’s power, I parked the locomotive, put it in Neutral, then let the engine run to full power. It was a triumphant finishing move of brutal horsepower and enough smoke to embarrass smaller steam engines. Roughly 25 minutes after it started, my ride was over.
A Dream Come True
My time with the RSD-5 was short, but I’m never going to forget it. IRM has informed me that this locomotive is just one of two of its kind left in the world. All of the others have been scrapped, left to rot, or have been rebuilt into other locomotives. IRM’s RSD-5 is rarer than most of our Holy Grail picks.
It was a blast taking the throttle of a living piece of history. Looking back, the locomotive was easier to get moving than a car and isn’t as complex as a plane, but there’s still a lot going on. Remember, you’re moving literal tons of weight and that mass doesn’t want to stop quickly. Stopping isn’t fast like a car, but gradual, just like the acceleration is. But don’t worry, the locomotive won’t let you forget that you have well over a thousand horsepower at your fingertips. And that’s not even close to some of the most powerful locomotives out there.
This experience has only motivated me to get even more train seat time, even if I’m just along for the ride in the cab. I’d love to see and feel how trains work in actual working conditions and see the world through one of the coolest offices in the world.
If you want to see America’s largest train museum, head down to Union, Illinois. There’s still plenty of time left in the year to take in more train history than your brain can process. And who knows, maybe you’ll catch me out there, living out my childhood dreams.
Great writeup! I’m not that much of a train guy, but now I REALLY want to at least get in the cab of a locomotive.
What a fantastic experience and article! Thanks Mercedes, for letting us live vicariously through you 🙂 One part confused me, though: “Each cylinder displaces 10.9 liters for a total of 109.4 liters of displacement.” Sorry if this is a stupid question, but do they only count 10 of the cylinders to determine total displacement?
I remember touring EMD La Grange back in the 70s. An amazing place. The engine test bays were filled with the massive engines with very little space for anything else. There were ladders and catwalks to access various parts on the engine. Everything was BIG!
Was looking highly forward to this writeup after seeing your video pop up on YouTube this afternoon! Such great stuff – many thanks for bringing that Engineer for a Hour program to my attention. Granted, this place was already on my short list of next visits from your other articles about it, but revisiting that detail bumps it up to the top.
I’ve always wanted to drive an actual locomotive of any kind. There is a program at a somewhat nearby railroad museum that allows people to drive the equipment, but it requires a certain amount of volunteering, which I’d love to do, but have not yet figured out the time part of the equation.
Speaking of that place, they have a restored Alco RS-1 in their fleet, so it was extra great to see some more about that bit of railroad history.
Oddly enough, there is a slim chance I’ll get to briefly drive something along those lines in Brazil at some point. It would most likely be a GE U12C, so a similar era to the RSD-5. One of my wife’s cousins that works in a yard near Rio indicated that could maybe be arranged. There was also talk of riding along in the cab for a loop of the Via “free” route that runs out in the direction of Petropolis through Piabetá along with other assorted cities and towns. Either of those would transform our next visit from seeing the family to ultimate vacation in short order.
Microsoft’s train simulator – so much fun! At least I thought so – most of my friends along with my wife thought I was kind of nuts for spending many an hour on it. I had a simulator machine set up for that right along with Flight Simulator 2004, A Century of Flight and later X, although I didn’t really have enough of a machine to run X properly. I did have a couple of large CRT screens, pedals, and a yoke – it was a fun setup for the time. Hoping to build another at some point.
Always great to see someone actually Living the Dream! Steam follow-up for comparison coming next? I like the idea of driving everything and anything interesting as well – years ago I was tasked with simulating a river barge accident in real time and I’ve wanted to pilot one of those tow-boats IRL ever since.
that is seriously cool! You need a hat
Cool, you got to drive for real, my sole operation experience was “driving” a NY Central EMU a few yards down a platform when I was 4. I have been around a few cabs including an FL9 and a Budd RDC when I was in New York and Metro North had an open house.
The long hood forward was an early diesel convention based on steam locomotive practice. Some time in the early 60s diesel road switchers started running short hood forward and the short hood was chopped to below windshield height IIRC starting with the GE U25B which is related to Alco since GE used Alco’s diesel engines. The exception was Norfolk Southern which ran long hood forward into at least the 90s before wide nose cabs took over. The wide nose or “Canadian” cab was also pioneered by Alco on units built by Montreal Locomotive Works for CN.
Yeah, we’ve got a couple of 1950s GM-EMD switcher locomotives at our depots at work, but they’ve been retrofitted to remote control and just shunt cars around in the yards, they’ve let me run them a few times, but just standing on a platform and moving them back and forth isn’t the same
At that point it’s basically a 1:1 scale layout, isn’t it?.
Basically, yeah, although we welded sheet metal over the cab windows, so they don’t even look accurate anymore
What a fantastic read; I really felt your sense of occasion for it all. Great stuff!
What a fun writeup and what great pictures & portraits. Serious Mercedes is serious.
Came for a “handles like it’s on rails” joke.
Leaving satisfied.
Oh, the memories! As a kid, I lived beside the railroad and every day my two favorite Alco switchers would smoke by the house. One was red with a single headlamp on each end and the other was black with two smaller lamps in the same space on each end. I always got a toot on the horn if I was standing by the fence as they rolled by. The most memorable day was when one RSD hauled the Clyde Beatty & Cole Bros. circus train into town. It had to slow way down and the circus folk waved. I could see the elephants and lions in their cars, too. It was magic. Many years later, as a model railroader, I built a layout with an Alco RSD 3 hauling a circus train. Also built a commuter rail layout with RDCs (Buddliners), but that’s another story. Thanks for the trip down the memory line.
I have not driven a train, but back in high school some friends and I were running by the river and Norfolk Southern rails for crew practice. Well being 16 and unaccompanied by an adult me and a friend climbed up into the locomotive to check things out. My plan was just seeing what it looked like and getting out quickly, but my friend decided to hit the horn, which sent me and the other waiting outside running as fast as we could. About 2 hours later at the end of practice the police were waiting at the boat house for us. The whole team got a lecture from the police and coaches about being responsible and safe, then when everyone got dismissed they asked the coaches called 6 of out by name and asked us to stay. No formal problems with the police, but we spent the next 2 days of practice scrubbing graffiti off the cargo boxes. Damn that Locomotive was cool inside though!
My 7 year old self is super envious haha. But seriously, that’s awesome. I wish they had events like this out in my area, but I’ve checked and found nothing. Maybe next year I’ll make the trek Illinois.
My only knowledge of trains comes from Thomas the Tank Engine, first from watching it 30 years ago and now watching it with my kids. The diesel engine, creatively named Diesel, was always a villain character (“[a] sinister diesel engine who has an oily, devious, scheming and malicious nature and holds a grudge against the steam engines”).
I have nothing else to add; I just wanted to contribute because my kids are watching A LOT of TtTE and the lore is taking up a lot of space in my brain.
So cool Mercedes! When I was eight my family went to Chattanooga and stayed at the train-themed hotel (I could not convince my folks to get a room in one of the converted train cars). They do a trolley tour with a real, full size trolley car, but due to construction the route was cut short. We went anyway, and it ended up being just my family on board. The guy running the tour let me drive it! Made my whole damn year. Trolley is still there and in service too. Not as cool as driving a whole ass locomotive of course, but after reading this I want to drive one more than ever.
The Choo-Choo. Still there. Still cool. Rumor has it they are thinking of detrainifying. That would be a crime.
That’s what it’s called! I’d love to make it down there again sometime.
But were you docked points for not wearing the hat or what?
By any measure Mercedes makes my Autopian membership look cheap…
by the interesting topic, vicarious experiences, well composed photography, or the good writing. Or even just by the word!
I was a conductor who worked both passenger and yard switching. Was there a conductor reading the rails and signals on the leading end when you were running long nose forward?
Also, that’s cool that you got to do a crossing. There are a bunch of rules for doing that, even if it’s in a semi-closed environment. Did the crossing have gates and flashers or was it “naked”?
There was indeed a conductor on the leading end! IRM’s crossings with public roads use vintage flashers (and one “naked” crossing next to private property) but no gates.
Cool! What was the MAS you were able to get to? I’d assume somewhere between 15-25 mph…?
That looks like fun! I grew up next to the International Paper mill in Gardiner, Oregon, which had its own dedicated railway, the Longview, Portland and Northern (even though Gardiner is nowhere near Longview and Portland, nor is it north of them). At that time LP&N had a couple of Alco S-2 switchers and an Alco S-4:
http://trainweb.org/rosters/images/bycx112a.jpg
but nothing as big or as rare as this RSD-5.
That link doesn’t seem to be playing nicely and too much time has elapsed for me to edit it, so let’s go with this instead:
http://trainweb.org/rosters/bycx112.html
Grandfather and two uncles were Union Pacific conductors and this write-up def. provided as much/more detail than I ever could pry out of them about their experience. Thanks for another awesome write-up making me again question my life choices regarding career.
Definitely a cool experience!
I go there about once a year, but I go for a very David reason…..I like the rust. The older unrestored cars are accessible (or at least no one ever stopped me). These are parked on sidings south of the main museum area. If you like rust and peeling paint, it is a nice place to go.
Me: I do not understand what gets people so stoked about [planes/boats/RVs/trains]
*reads a Mercedes piece about the thing*
Me: I am now stoked about this thing.
Looks and sounds like someone had fun. Great write up Mercedes.
In the 70’s my Mom worked for Conrail. I tagged along with her to work one day and got drive a switcher hooked up to a slug. Oh my that was a fun day. Found out all about the Deadman’s switch, which was wedged down by a 2 x 4…
This is a really neat writeup and sounds like a fantastic experience, thanks for sharing it!