I hope everyone is having a fantastic holiday, whatever depraved madness you celebrate! Today, December 26, has a lot of specific holidays associated with it, from St.Stephen’s day (who seems to be the first martyr of Christianity because he got stoned, not in the fun way), to Kwanzaa to the one I want to mention specifically here because I can easily tie it into something car-related, Boxing Day.
Boxing Day has always confused me a bit, since it’s not really celebrated here, being more of a Commonwealth Country sort of deal, and here in America we pretty famously opted out of that club. The etymology of the name isn’t really clear, but most theories seem to think it comes from the presents or tips or bonuses given to employees or servants or other sorts of workers by wealthier people in a “Christmas Box.”
That’s great and all, but what I care about more is the “boxing” part because that word also refers to the sport where boxers pummel one another, and that action, in turn, became a nickname for horizontally-opposed engines, where the side-to-side motion of the cylinders is reminiscent of a boxer’s fists.
Now why the word “box” refers to a rectangular container and a sport of face-punching is especially unclear, and every entomologist I called didn’t have any answers for me, perhaps because, as they screamed into their phones, they study bugs. The etymologists I called afterwards weren’t much more help, just telling me the word “box” referring to punching was of “uncertain origin” and showed up around the 1300s. Thanks a lot, brainiacs!
Anyway, let’s get to the cars. When it comes to boxer-engined cars, there’s the big ones we always think of: Porsche, (air-cooled – and, okay, the Wasserboxer) Volkswagen, Subaru, Lloyd – you know, the big names. But let’s talk about a couple of lesser-known boxer-powered cars.
Like Buick!
Yes, Buick! One of the companies I think I associate the least with horizontally-opposed engines, Buick’s first car as an independent automaker was the 1904 Model B, which featured a 2.6-liter flat-twin making 21 hp! That engine was also the first production engine to have overhead valves, so that’s a big deal, too.
They sold the engine separately, too, so if you wanted Buick Boxer power for your, say, sausage grinder, you could achieve that dream!
By 1910 Buick had moved to four-cylinder inline engines, but had it not been for that original opposed-twin, Buick would never have gotten its start at all.
I think when it comes to relatively unsung horizontally-opposed standard-bearers, though, you can’t be Jowett. Jowett was a Yorkshire-based company that lasted from 1906 to 1955, a company that started with cycles and engines, but moved into light car production and became best known for their small, sleek, sporty cars that used boxer engines, twins at first, and then, from 1936, flat-fours.
Jowett also had some fantastic car names, including the Javelin, Jupiter, Blackbird, Kestrel, Weasel, and even the Jason. Yes, a car that shares my name!
Or maybe I share its name. One of those.
I think I’ve seen Jowetts in the metal perhaps twice in my life, both times in the UK. I suspect there must be a few here in America, collected by very discerning collectors, but I don’t think I’ve seen any here.
Which is a shame! I feel like these should be better-known. Sports cars like the Jupiter up there have a sort of shrunken-Jag feeling about them, but with an engine that, I think you could argue, is even more interesting than the larger, more powerful guts of their more famous countrymen.
Their more everyday cars, like the Javelin, feel like they could have been huge-selling people’s cars in some alternate reality, and 50 hp from that 1.5-liter flat-four back in 1947 is definitely no joke.
I hope these less-known boxers make your boxing day even punchier, or whatever adjective gets used for that!
The Marusho Lilac motorcycle is a really obscure boxer. This was a sort of Japanese BMW, until MITI forced them to merge with Honda. Velocette in England also made flat twins, the well known LE and the lesser known Valiant
I will nominate the Napier Deltic as not only a boxer but the most boxer of them all.
The Deltic, the Commer TS3 and other opposed piston engines are more a class of their own because their pistons move the opposite way.
The horizontally opposed “boxer” of a Porsche, Subaru or VW is more like two fist throwers offset and back to back. If the pistons are the fists, the connecting rod the arm and the crankshaft the shoulder and torso then the Napier Deltic is like three lines of boxers all throwing punches at each other whereas a horizontal engine is like a single line of boxers punching on either side at nothing.
Moreso only a horizontal engine with a fork and knife crankshaft can line up the bores such that the pistons are truly opposed which none of these engines have. They are all offset. The Deltic engine OTOH has two pistons sharing a bore so they are as opposed as it gets.
18 cylinders, 36 fists.
A festival of boxing!!
Just another Festivus Airing of Grievances.
Jowett’s other claim to fame is the use of tiller steering through 1914:
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53111122287_1a4c4de6b3_c.jpg
I’m especially fond of (relatively) later cars powered by flat twins, like the Citroen 2CV, Toyota Publica, BMW 700 and the like. There’s just something very alien to modern day America (or perhaps America since the 30s) about a twin-cylinder car.
You forgot the best Japanese boxer-powered car, the Toyota Sports 800!
The Sports 800 uses the same engine as the Publica! I figured I’d name the higher-selling of the 2.
Ahh Bradford, the City where actually I studied Automotive Design Technology.
The Javelin was designed by Gerald Palmer who designed cars for several manufacturers in late 40s early 50s.
The engines are very clever, so a shame the company died out. I believe the factory site is now a supermarket.
Also reflective Catseyes were invented by Percy Shaw after he was driving home in the dark on the other side of the city…
Not mentioned, so I don’t know if it falls into “lesser known” or “ignored/forgotten”, would be the Corvair with its 90° fan belt routing “solution”.
the cutaway drawing of the engine appears to show opposing cylinders (closest to viewer) sharing a crankpin – so when one piston is moving in, the opposing piston is moving out.
i would argue that is not a boxer, despite being a 180degree v-4.
yes, when 2 pistons are moving in, 2 are moving out, but they are not opposite one another – which is a crucial element of my bmw-motorad-centric definition of a boxer-layout.
happy saint stephen’s day!
^this is the correct answer
My late uncle had a Jowett Javelin – thanks for the remainder. I recall it was much roomier than my dad’s Morris 1000 Traveller.
I’m not quite sure why, but the machismo of the text in the first Jupiter ad was kind of stunning to me.
Maybe I’m the only one, but I consistently forget that the Testarossa has a flat 12
Jowett Jupiter is what came to mind when I saw the headline. I’ve seen at least one in the flesh down around Dallas, TX at a British car restoration ship that employed someone I knew once upon a time. I seem to recall they had an oiling issue that required drilling some additional oil galley lines through the main bearing shells and into the block if you wanted the engine to last any length of time. I’m sure I’m wrong about some aspect of that (this was at least a decade and a half ago), but the gist is true.
Since you brought up boxer engines of the lesser-known variety, I’ll have to introduce you to the 1.5 boxer 4 in my old 1986 Alfa Sprint Quadrifoglio, a little 4-carb engine (it was called ‘2 double-barrell carb’, but its 2 carbs actually had 4 single barrells, 1 per cylinder) that made 105HP out of 1.5L of displacement and revved all the way up to about 8000 rpm.
In a feather-light Sprint it was a riot, there’s nothing on the roads today that can handle and feel like that (maybe an Ariel Atom, but I’ve yet to drive one of those).
Most importantly for Boxing Day, can I get a Jowlett Jupiter on a half-decent sale today that will be an even better sale if I just wait until January?
Unfortunately, the Jowett Jason is a real letdown in the taillight department having a single off-the-shelf Lucas unit. Probably came with trafficators though, so that’s something.
Lest we forget, the Panhard Dyna line of automobiles used a flat twin engine layout as well in a range of sub one liter displacements.
No mas, no mas!
As much as I love the Jowett Jason, that Jupiter is a lovely little car. Definitely one for the alliterative collection. I’ll park it next to my Austin A40, Buick boxer engine, Chevy Corvette, Dodge Dart, Fiat Five-hundred… I’m going to need a bigger garage.
Mid Century Ford and Mercury will need their own wing.
A survey of boxers can’t be complete without the Tatraplan!
Or can it?
From some website called Fightgearguide:
According to a reference of the earliest north European, the word “boxing” came from the related term “boke” in Middle Dutch, “buc” in Middle High German, and “bask” in Danish. These words have the same meaning of “ a blow.”
Most people consider that the word “boxing” came from Dutch or German in the 14th century. In the 1300s, the English organized fighting or punching art events. Visitors came here to admire, then applied their language “boke” into this country. And this word gradually transforms into the word “box.”
Seems plausible enough for as much as I care to know the actual answer. Happy Boxing Day!
p.s. make sure to let your epidemiologist know this.
Ah yes, punching art events. I personally prefer punching watercolors over statues, but that’s just me.
The ad suggests “‘Drifting’ the Jupiter” – it’s got me curious if drifting has the same meaning as we often use today (i.e. power oversteer), or did it have some other meaning in the whatever-era-that-ad-is-from? (1950’s???)
Before Tokyo Drift, there was the Bradford Burnout.
But wait, the Jowett Bradford had all of 25 bhp on tap from its side-valve flat twin, so I hardly think it could’ve done a burnout at all. 😉
Sort-of. If you want to hustle an old car on bias-ply tires (crossply tyres in British) the correct way to do so is sideways. From the ad copy:
‘…so I turned off the radio, sat up straight, and entered the next corner at an entirely impossible speed. A very gentle four-wheel drift was the result, and the course was held without any appreciable correction on the steering’.
Bias-ply tires are lower grip than radials but unlike radials the loss of grip is very progressive so it was not anything like the knife-edge that modern day drifters work with. It was also possible at extremely moderate speed, as this Youtube video shows.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooBJ2Z2sZvo
You definitely do not need big horsepower to drift on those skinny old tyres, just a rainy day at the Goodwood Revival: https://youtu.be/31Fvat-XSAc