Is your living room full of Volkswagen Karmann Ghia parts, with sets of “too good to pitch” chrome grille nostrils as coasters on the coffee table? Maybe your driveway includes a Saab 96, two 99s, and an orange Sonett in the garage, none if which actually run? If you’re like many Autopian readers (and writers), you don’t fit into an automaker’s standard “target market.” You are, in effect, what they might call “statistically insignificant.” However, most “non-car people” do fit into one of these neatly established car market pidgeonholes. It’s hard to think of a Japanese manufacturer (or any brand for that matter) that has understood these segments of the North American market as well as Toyota, and few brands have put as much effort into attempting to deliver What The People Want.
Hitting The Target
How did a company do this for a buying base so culturally different from theirs, thousands of miles away from the company headquarters? For one, in 1973 they developed the Calty Design Research center in California to understand what works in Santa Ana instead of Sapporo. One of their first products was the second generation 1978 Celica, a crypto-Mustang that was far better looking than the actual current Mustang (II), designed by Calty founder (and former child actor) David Stollery. The first generation Celica was a shrunken Mustang Mach I fastback or Grande Coupe covered in fake vents and scoops favored by the Japanese market (supposedly since in places like Tokyo you’re mainly looking at the car close up) which this second generation eschewed for a much cleaner form.
Around 1985, Toyota began extensive research into the lifestyles of the American upper middle class to see what they aspired to from an automotive standpoint. According to Chester Dawson’s book The Relentless Pursuit , researchers rented a home in Laguna Beach to fully understand what was important to American families earning over six figures. The resulting Lexus brand went beyond just making a great product for a reasonable price; the whole dealership buying and ownership experience was reimagined. Lexus cars lacked some of the sharp handling and firm ride of a Mercedes or BMW, but guess what? Buyers didn’t give a shit. Apparently putting a Cadillac and a Mercedes into a blender and making it more reliable than either of those cars was printing money.
Toyota even dared to take on a true American sacred cow: the pickup truck. Their initial offering- the T-100– failed to meet sales expectations due to it not being truly big or powerful enough, but the replacement Tundra model fixed those issues, all the while offering J.D. Power quality scores that the domestic makers couldn’t approach.
A Missed Target
As good as they were, over the years I’ve seen some missed opportunities for Toyota. The Camry was able to knock the Ford Taurus off the best-selling-car pedestal in 1997 and never looked back, but one wonders what would have happened if Toyota had tried to hit the bread-and-butter market sooner. In the late seventies and early eighties, America was dominated by mid-to-full-sized sedans and coupes. Hard to believe, but the best-selling car of 1980 (and the two years before, AND 1983) was the A/G body Oldsmobile Cutlass, often in two door form. These “personal luxury coupes” had visual tweaks that made them flashier and allowed the owners to feel “more special” than if they’d purchased the four door counterparts. Competitors like the Ford Thunderbird and Chrysler Cordoba proved that buyers would eat up “luxury” that was truly skin deep or craftily marketed (“Corinthian Leather” anyone?).
During this time, Toyota’s largest offerings were the compact Corona sedan and the larger Cressida “luxury” car, which was still over a foot shorter than that “downsized” Fox Body T-Bird. There was also the Japanese market only Soarer coupe, but it wasn’t any bigger than the Cressida and not flashy or trashy enough for the U.S. market. What if Toyota finally got the message and came up with a real competitor for this segment? Toyota would have started with exhaustive research by teams of Japanese and American designers in places like the parking lot of a steakhouse in suburban Cleveland, or at the bar of a public golf course in Lisle, Illinois. What do mid-level managers or insurance actuaries really want out of a car?
The result would be the 1981 1/2 Callista, named not the skinny-shamed Ally McBeal actress but for the Greek word meaning “most beautiful” (a rather presumptuous title to say the least). Plus, the name beginning in “C” fits the other Toyota monikers of the time. Utilizing Cressida and Supra mechanical components, the wheelbase would be stretch by over six inches from Toyota’s biggest sedan, while length would increase by around a foot, resulting in a car about the size of the concurrent Thunderbird and totally unsellable overseas. It likely would have had a higher price level than a Buick Regal or Chevy Monte Carlo, but it could have challenged the quality, features, performance and luxury of Eldorados and Lincoln Continentals (exceed them, truthfully). As an obvious fan of angular styling (Bishops move in straight lines), I don’t have to tell you that the A60 Celica and Supra are some of my all-time favorites, so that Toyota aesthetic of this time will be happily applied to the Callista’s unibody. Here’s Dreams West’s strange, hypnotic two-and-a-half minute worship video to that design language:
The requisite fake Mercedes grille (a non-negotiable for these things) would be very low and small in the sloped nose featuring Bitter SC/Lagonda/Ferrari 412 pop up lights, though the wedge shape ends up looking much like a bigger Subaru XT coupe.
A glass and acrylic “targa” bar at the B pillar wraps over the roof and forms a skylight to lighten up the back seat space (unless you ordered the power moonroof). Pillar-mounted opera lights are a big deal with these kinds of coupes, but I chose instead to use an edge-lit etched logo script at the bottom of the tinted center side “opera” window that illuminates with the headlamps on, as seen on the poorly-built and terrible-selling 1979 Chrysler New Yorker. It’s all a bit kitschy but remember that I’m NOT designing a car for myself; it’s for a successful advertising salesman in 1981 like this:
Side flanks are kept rather clean except for a recession on the side of the body that includes front fender “gills” (that replace the side repeater turn signal light for other markets). Low Chrysler Imperial style taillamps wrap around the back with a cetral back up light, and including small amber rear turn signals to keep Jason happy.
A Full Sized Line Of Mid Sizers
A four-door sedan would be another body styles available with a front bench seat and column shift for the automatic (the standard transmission on all models). There’s also a station wagon model with a rear-facing third row and a power tailgate window, plus woodgrain side trim option. If you read ANY of the garbage I create you KNOW that I’m gonna send one of my designs to American Sunroof Corporation to do their magic, right? The Callista Cabriolet keeps the targa band in place, but lift-off T-tops and fold down rear top (similar to a Lancia Beta Zagato) give open air motoring while maintaining a tight body structure.
Step Inside
Form-follows-function might be a good inspiration for the dashboard, and it certainly was for the designers of the 1976 Rover SD1. This Ferrari Daytona rip-off “four door coupe” was yet another British Leyland product that was THIS close to greatness before bad decisions, bad management, and even worse labor relations conspired to ruin it (as well as US headlamps).
It’s not readily obvious when you look at the dashboard, but this car featured a completely modular system that can easily adapt to different requirements. Look at the image below-see how there is a gauge “block” on top of the dash, a fresh air vent/light in front of the passenger, as well as an analog clock next to the center vents?
Now look below at a left hand drive model…whoa! See what happened? It’s all the same parts, except:
-The gauge “block’” was moved, and the components within the block switched around (including the TRS-80 keyboard buttons next to the speedometer)
-The steering wheel and the fresh air vent/light have now switched position with steering wheel column
-The analog clock and the logo panel/gear shift pattern graphic flanking the center vents have switched positions
-Glove box door and enormous fuse box door (VERY important in a Lucas equipped car) are switched.
We’ve done the same thing with the Callista’s instrument panel. The gauge “block” and wood veneer upper glove box can be moved to either side, with a center pod featuring an analog clock and perspective schematic of the car over LED warning lights.
I’ve also taken a feature that I proposed for a similar-era car earlier, which is a cassette tape changer in the center console. You lift the tray out to get to the cartridge which moves fore and aft and drops in your chosen tape, allowing the ad executive at the wheel to switch from Chistopher Cross to Boz Scaggs or Michael McDonald at the touch of a button.
The Power To Make You Jump
The 1G-GEU 2.8 liter twin cam six would have powered the rear wheels, but a four-liter V8 modeled after the Mercedes M117 would have lived under the hood of the more expensive models. Fully independent suspension, rack and pinion steering, and four wheel disc brakes sound like the stuff of Black Forest fighters, but that would absolutely not be the mission of these cruisers. It might have been much like Toyota’s own Cressida, a rather staid looking but Supra powered sedan that Car & Driver described as “a schoolmarm with a harlot’s heart.” Like other “Personal Luxury” cars and gilded sedans of the era, the Callista would have had delusions of grandeur about itself that many owners would actually believe, and Toyota quality would make them believe it for a long time.
Maybe middle American needed a giant Toyota, an excuse for paunchy copy machine executives to jump in the air and say “Oh What A Feeling!” Would a Tokyo T-Bird have sold, and if so would it have been as indestructible as the just-revived Chicago Cutlass? Sadly (or maybe blessedly) we’ll never know.
Our Daydreaming Designer Imagines A Special Subaru From The Japanese Bubble Era – The Autopian
A Trained Designer Imagines What The International Scout Could Have Become – The Autopian
The concept sketch looks too much like the first and second generations of Toyota Soarer.
Back to the drawing board…
That’s a neat idea.
The Cutlass sold in large volumes for a long time. Oddly enough it must have been pretty well made by GM standards, because if you run into an old sedan with an 1980s look, it’s almost certainly going to be a Cutlass.
You mentioned Lisle Illinois… that’s fairly obscure since it is sandwiched between 2 more well known towns. Why? (I live in Lisle) Just curious.
Just a solid American suburb. I could have picked Downers Grove (maybe Naperville) but didn’t for my target market. As long as you don’t get too close to Hinsdale since that’s Benz and BMW types.
Great lines on this one. The door/C pillar/rear fender really remind me of the 82 Sapporo. Being a longroof fan, I almost certainly would have ended up with the wagon. Not quite as sexy, but that flat beltline reminds me of the 710/Maxima-which is a car I’ve always wanted but never quite managed.
Where does the Toyota Crown Royal Saloon fit into all these measurements? I saw one at Radwood PNW last month. Maybe it was just a fancied up Soarer though.
Those ARE a little bigger; the wheelbase is only an inch less than a 1978-81Cutlass but it’s still ten inches shorter overall. Bigger issue than that (for obvious reasons on Tokyo streets) is these Japanese taxis are nearly five inches narrower than the Cutlass so it feels far smaller inside.
Isn’t that just mdharrell‘s place, minus the microcars?
Count me as one of those that thought of the Soarer first and looked for mention of it as you addressed. It does make more sense as that full lineup of midsizers, since all the Japanese automakers were growing their models for American tastes – flagships like Cressida and Maxima were compact sized in interior volume for a long time.
It would be interesting to think what some models that came later, like the Sienna, would have looked like earlier on if they made them in the same style sooner. Like with that Sienna example, a minivan based on one of the original Camrys in the vein of the Chrysler model, rather than the Previa.
Yes, Honda was the same way. The Toyota Van and Previa were weird, and the first Odyssey was a cramped little station wagon with a silly third row. After 2000, the Japanese brands were on the same level and became the go-to for anyone that wanted the best designed product that would (except for 1999-2005 Odyssey transmissions) go 200,000 trouble free miles (I know there will be Caravan or Pacifica owners that tell me they’ve done that, but for each of them I have three or four former owners of them who most certainly did NOT).
Previa and the monorail van were pretty cool looking, though.
I had no idea Calty was opened that early, I somehow thought it was new with the Lexus LC400..
Also that Rover dash design is brilliant..
At first glance I thought this was Torch posting a brochure for some actual pile of crap.
That’s not an insult to the Bishop, that’s how well he replicated the crap that those cars were.
Chartreuse- that’s like the best compliment I’ve received all day.
Isn’t “80s Toyota personal luxury coupe” basically the definition of a Soarer?
I love the Soarer, but as I’ve mentioned already it’s the same size as the Cressida and Supra, and the whole idea is to get a coupe (and full line of body styles) a foot or so longer to compete with the Americans, Toyota Tundra style. That’s likely why the Soarer was never sold here until the balloons-full-of-clay series as the Lexus SC.
You just flattened a Fuego
I don’t have to tell you that the A60 Celica and Supra are some of my all-time favorites
Same here, and I appreciate your good taste in automotive design.
Loving this idea, although the cassette tape changer will get gummed up by grime and debris falling into the openings in about two seconds. I find the coupe rendering quite attractive, and I wouldn’t kick the convertible out of bed either.
I approve of this message
Imagine if this Toyota ran in NASCAR against the T-Bird, Monte Carlo Aero Coupe, Grand Prix 2+2, and the Olds and Buick…Can a Nascar Variant be drawn up?
Scott- YES, that would have happened. That nose in particular looks pretty slick.
“How was the race Cale?”
“Well, you know, Dave, my Toyota was runnin’ like a greased pig with his ass on fire..”
You just designed the mid-80s Nissan 200SX.
Nah, that was way smaller than this would have been, and this actually looks more like the 1980-1983 200SX to me.
Actually that was the one I was thinking of. My apartment neighbor had one that he was quite proud of.
My question for this was, “What if Yacht Rock was a car?”
Well that fits the image of my neighbor perfectly. On special events, he even wore a cravat!
I heard “What A Fool Believes” as soon as I saw the picture!
I like it, now take my money please!
Is anybody else getting a strong 80’s Aston Martin Lagonda vibe from this? Can you imagine that love letter to 80’s decadence and tech, but actually reliable?
a cut-rate Lagonda was not my original intent, but halfway through it turned into that.
That explains everything. The Lagonda vibes are making me instinctively gravitate to the 4-door version. The proportions are just right.
Right? I really like that version, too.
I went there at the jump – he nailed it (apparently unintentionally)
Coupe like SUV’s are the new Personal Luxury Coupes.
Arch- Yes, they are! Instead of pretending to be Ricardo Montalban people are now faking a mountain man persona to drive to Costco.
But instead of looking like Grizzly Adams, they look like Seymour Skinner
Pretty much, yeah. My understanding is that part of what killed the market is that if you receive a fixed vehicle allowance for work, the IRS considers it taxable income if it’s put toward a 2-door vehicle instead of a 4-door, so traveling salesmen and other business types migrated away from Cutlass Supremes and Cougars when the rule changed
I’m old enough to get that salesman reference!
And I feel Les might have driven a base Celica ST, but complained about it not being manly enough for a good American like him.
Les Nessman in a Celica ST? Have you lost your mind? He was a brown, manual Tercel man. All about that oatmeal. No sugar, maybe a little butter.
Bailey Quarters now, she was a base model Celica. A smart Midwest girl like her working in the trenches at a radio station definitely drove something fun but sensible.
Bailey would have had a Celica ST (jokingly people said it stood for “Secretarial Transport”).
I thought Les didn’t even have a car? He had a Vespa before Vespas were cool?
Les was the weather reporter, Herb was the sales guy!
“As God is my witness, I thought that Celicas could fly”
One of the funniest TV moments of all time. That and the phone cops.
https://youtu.be/FikTSPHKPk0?t=241
Les Nessman would have driven a Renault Le Car.
Herb would have had a brown Cutlass S sedan
Yup, you’ve perfectly captured the personal luxury zeitgeist. Now kill it. Kill it fast before someone sees this and thinks you’re serious.
I figured after forty years it’s safe and Toyota would not latch onto the idea
Have you never watched The Walking Dead?
Toyota already did a larger PLC starting in 1981.
It was called the Soarer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Soarer
Urban- I mentioned that in the article. The Soarer was no larger than the Cressida, over a foot shorter than the Cutlass and Fox Body. And it was in no way glitzy or trashy enough to fight those cars
Aw – Missed that.
Seeing a lot of 1980s Mazda Luce/Cosmo in that nose, and Nissan Leopard TR-X in that roofline
Yes! I love that era of Cosmo/Luce but didn’t like some of the detailing. But I wish it had come here rotary and all!
From that wiki article you linked on the Soarer:
Due to the compliance of Japanese external dimension and engine displacement regulations, the first-generation models were classified as “compacts”, which gave Japanese buyers tax saving advantages.